Abdominal wall hernia disease is often a complex problem ... 12 mm optical trocar is then inserted at the level of the left anterior axillary line, midway between the iliac crest and the costal ...

Background: Posterior abdominal wall deficiency (PAWD) is a tear in the external oblique aponeurosis or the conjoint tendon causing a posterior wall defect at the medial end of the inguinal canal. It ...