So manufacturers beef up or "dope" the cell's two silicon layers with trace amounts of additives, typically phosphorus and boron. The top, phosphorus-doped layer contains more electrons ...

The arrangement of small molecules—known as ligands—around transition metal atoms affects how the metal atoms behave. This is important because transition metals are used as catalysts in the synthesis ...

Because boron has one less electron than is required to form the ... such as phosphorus. Phosphorus has five electrons in its outer energy level, not four. It bonds with its silicon neighbor atoms, ...

In a new study, the researchers tackled highly charged boron-like tin ions with only five remaining electrons. The goal is to ...

Quasi-particles are collective quantum elements of condensed matter. They are foundationally important for understanding ...

Because the charge carriers are electrons, n-type refers to a negative charge. In contrast, p-type silicon is silicon doped with boron gas that turns it into a conductive material that readily ...

“In a graphene layer which has been aligned with the boron nitride, electrons also start to bend - but if you set the magnetic field at specific values, the electrons move in straight line ...

Below the twisted boron nitride the researchers place an atomic layer of the semiconductor molybdenum diselenide. The electric field acts on the electrons inside the molybdenum diselenide and thus ...