Chronic bronchitis is an established phenotype with a clinical definition, associated outcomes, and targeted treatments. [1] The same cannot be said for emphysema, but a recently published letter [2] ...

Emphysema is a lung disease that damages the air sacs, making it difficult to breathe, especially during physical activity. Smoking is the primary cause of emphysema, but exposure to irritants, ...

Emphysema happens gradually as tobacco smoke or other pollutants damage the tiny air sacs in your lungs called alveoli. Normally, some 300 million alveoli help bring oxygen into your body and get rid ...

Emphysema is a disease that makes it hard for you to catch your breath. Stage 4 means your emphysema is advanced and that your breathing is very severely affected. At this stage, smoking or other ...

Emphysema is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. Centrilobular emphysema is a specific type of emphysema that affects the upper lobes of the lungs. Centrilobular emphysema is the ...

Visually assessed pulmonary emphysema independently predicted modestly elevated all-cause mortality risk over 25 years of follow-up in patients with a history of smoking. After controlling for other ...

Air trapping in emphysema occurs when the lung’s tiny air sacs become stretched and the airways narrow, making it difficult to catch your breath. Medications can help open up the airways and improve ...

Emphysema is not hereditary. It usually results from smoking or exposure to other harmful lung irritants. However, a rare genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) passed down in ...

With emphysema, you can have symptoms like shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness. Your symptoms can ...