The Emperor NAPOLEON has spoken out his mind on the Italian ... annexation of Parma and Modena to the growing kingdom of Upper Italy; hints at the possibility that the Emilian provinces of the ...

The Battle of Rivoli was Napoleon’s defining victory in Italy, proving his tactical brilliance and crushing the Austrian forces. This battle secured French dominance and set the stage for his ...

By 1808, Napoleon had installed his brother Joseph as the king of Spain and sent 118,000 soldiers across into Spain to insure his rule. Determined to bend the Spanish people to his will ...