The fetal side of a placenta from a patient with coronavirus, connected to the umbilical cord. Evidence of the disease process in the placenta is not visible in this photo. Disclaimer: AAAS and ...

The cytokines circulating in the maternal blood reach the syncytiotrophoblasts, specialized epithelial cells that form the outermost layer of the placenta, a barrier that separates maternal and fetal ...

Vitamin D must be transferred from the maternal blood across the layers of the human placental barrier to the ... layer and substances exit across the foetal-facing basal membrane and basal ...