Earth's valleys tell an ancient story of ice and power. Over millions of years, massive glaciers have carved, sculpted, and transformed the landscape in ways that still take researchers' breath away.

One of the most fundamental insights for understanding how landscapes evolve is based on determining the extent to which topography was shaped by glaciers or by rivers. More than 10 4 years after the ...

Rock avalanches and torrents started to form V-shaped valleys in the Swiss Alps approximately 25 million years ago. This landscape contrasts to the flat and hilly scenery, which characterized the Alps ...