Elvin Mirzayev, CFA, holds the CFO position at Norm OJSC. He has been a contributor to Investopedia since 2014. Suzanne is a content marketer, writer, and fact-checker. She holds a Bachelor of Science ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

Abstract: Spreadsheet-based tools provide a simple yet effective way of calculating values, which makes them the number-one choice for building and formalizing simple models for budget planning and ...

pH (potential of hydrogen) is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. It quantifies the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14: Where ...